CentOS初始化配置

配置允许免密码切换（慎重）

@todo: CentOS默认允许root登陆

配置主机名

vi /etc/sysconfig/network
    ->    CentOS
vi /etc/hosts
    ->    127.0.0.1 CentOS
hostname CentOS

配置网络

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
    ONBOOT=yes
    BOOTPROTO=static
    IPADDR=10.2.22.241
    NETMASK=255.255.255.0
    GATEWAY=10.2.22.1

修改后重启网络

快速配置从模板创建的虚拟机主机名及IP

IP=192.168.1.10
HOSTNAME=CentOS
sed -i 's#^HOSTNAME=.*#HOSTNAME='$HOSTNAME'#g' /etc/sysconfig/network
grep $HOSTNAME /etc/hosts || echo "127.0.0.1  $HOSTNAME" >> /etc/hosts
hostname $HOSTNAME
sed -i 's#^IPADDR=.*#IPADDR='$IP'#g' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
/etc/init.d/network restart

修改密码

passwd root

配置DNS

grep 202.106.0.20    /etc/resolv.conf||echo 'nameserver 202.106.0.20' >> /etc/resolv.conf
grep 219.141.136.10  /etc/resolv.conf||echo 'nameserver 219.141.136.10' >> /etc/resolv.conf
grep 114.114.114.114 /etc/resolv.conf||echo 'nameserver 114.114.114.114' >> /etc/resolv.conf
grep 8.8.8.8         /etc/resolv.conf||echo 'nameserver 8.8.8.8' >> /etc/resolv.conf
grep 4.4.4.4         /etc/resolv.conf||echo 'nameserver 4.4.4.4' >> /etc/resolv.conf

配置源

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS6-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm

参考来源：

• 网易镜像站
• EPEL库
• repoforge

设置保存YUM缓存（可选）

当需要时设置，可节省下载时间；

vi /etc/yum.conf
->  keepcache=1

设置时区，校对时间

yum -y install ntpdate
mv /etc/localtime /etc/localtime.$(date +%F_%T)
cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
/usr/sbin/ntpdate s1a.time.edu.cn
grep ntpdate /var/spool/cron/root>/dev/null 2>&1||echo '55 23 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate s1a.time.edu.cn' >> /var/spool/cron/root
hwclock --systohc

配置UserAgent

grep MrUse ~/.wgetrc>/dev/null 2>&1||cat >> ~/.wgetrc <<WGETRC
# @start ~/.wgetrc Create by MrUse $(date +%F_%T)
Header=User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.10; rv:37.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/37.0 Marked by MrUse
Header=Referer: https://www.baidu.com/
#http_proxy=""
#ftp_proxy=""
# @end ~/.wgetrc
WGETRC

grep MrUse ~/.curlrc>/dev/null 2>&1||cat >> ~/.curlrc <<CURLRC
# @start ~/.curlrc Create by MrUse $(date +%F_%T) 
User-Agent="Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.10; rv:37.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/37.0 Marked by MrUse"
Header="X-Forwarded-For: https://www.baidu.com/"
# @end ~/.curlrc
CURLRC

优化

ulimit -HSn 65535
grep MrUse /etc/security/limits.conf>/dev/null 2>&1||cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<LIMITS
# MrUse Limits $(date +%F_%T)
*   soft    nproc   65535
*   hard    nproc   65535
*   soft    nofile  65535
*   hard    nofile  65535
LIMITS
echo 2048 > /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn

自定义命令别名

grep ll= ~/.bashrc|| echo 'alias ll="ls -lhp --color"' >> ~/.bashrc && source ~/.bashrc

颜色值写入环境变量

grep '^# MrUse Color' /etc/profile>/dev/null 2>&1||cat >> /etc/profile <<COLOR

# MrUse Color $(date +%F_%T)
export red='\e[1;31m'
export redbg='\e[1;41m'
export blue='\e[1;34m'
export bluebg='\e[1;44m'
export green='\e[1;32m'
export greenbg='\e[1;42m'
export eol='\e[0m'
COLOR
source /etc/profile

修改登陆后显示信息

在CentOS上可以编辑/etc/motd,设置登陆后的提示信息。
在Ubuntu下需要修改/var/run/motd。

更新

yum -y update

安装常用软件包

# 硬件工具
yum -y install dmidecode dmesg hdparm parted e2fsprogs
# 系统工具
yum -y install tree lshw man at chkconfig vixie-cron crontabs screen dialog ntpdate ntsysv
# 文件处理
yum-y install curl wget lrzsz rsync mlocate tar bzip2 gzip zip unzip dos2unix vim sed patch git
# 编译工具
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake make cmake 
# 网络工具
yum -y install net-tools telnet nmap iptraf ifstat tcpdump wireshark
# 性能监控/追踪
yum -y install lsof strace iotop sar nmon htop